In the current context of the global fight against climate change, organizational carbon emissions have become a focus of attention in all sectors. Organizational carbon emissions, in essence, stem from the energy consumption and various production processes during an organization's daily operations. Among them, energy consumption can be regarded as the "main force" of carbon emissions. Especially, the combustion of traditional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas continuously releases a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. For example, the continuously operating production equipment in factories, the heating and air-conditioning systems that create a comfortable temperature and humidity environment in buildings, and various electrical appliances in offices that run day and night are all major "contributors" to carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, during the chemical reactions in the production process and the waste disposal links, other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide may also be generated. Although their emission amounts are relatively small, their greenhouse effects cannot be underestimated, and they also "add fuel to the fire" of global warming.

Precisely measuring and evaluating organizational carbon emissions is by no means an easy task. It requires a comprehensive examination of every detail within the organization. Specifically, an organization must carefully collect and meticulously count multi-dimensional data: covering details of energy use, such as the purchase quantity, usage time period, and consuming departments of various energy sources; emission data during the production process, accurate to the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from each process and each piece of equipment; emissions generated during the transportation process, including the mileage and fuel consumption of official vehicles and logistics distribution vehicles; and emission data during the waste disposal stage, calculating the output of greenhouse gases according to the types of waste and the treatment methods. These massive and complex data form a solid foundation for calculating the organization's carbon emissions.

The carbon footprint accounting standards carefully formulated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), such as ISO 14064-1, provide a scientific "ruler" for data processing and conversion. With the help of this standard, greenhouse gas emissions of various types are uniformly converted into carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) according to their greenhouse effect intensities, and finally, the organization's carbon emissions are accurately presented, enabling an intuitive and comparable quantitative expression of greenhouse gas emissions from different sources and types.

The accurate calculation and in-depth evaluation of organizational carbon emissions are undoubtedly the key prerequisites for formulating a scientific carbon emission reduction blueprint. Currently, many responsible organizations have stepped forward to face the challenges of climate change, set clear carbon emission reduction targets, and adopt a multi-pronged approach to reduce carbon emissions. On the one hand, they focus on improving hardware facilities, introducing energy-efficient equipment and cutting-edge technologies, reshaping the production process, and comprehensively improving energy utilization efficiency. On the other hand, in terms of guiding employees' behaviors, they advocate for green travel, encouraging employees to give priority to public transportation, shared bicycles, and other shared travel modes, cutting carbon emissions from the transportation link at the source. At the same time, adhering to the concept of a circular economy, they explore the potential for waste resource utilization, striving to reduce carbon emissions during the waste disposal process. Through this series of practical measures, organizations can find a delicate balance between economic development and environmental protection, injecting great impetus into global climate protection and sustainable development.

It is worth mentioning that the meticulous calculation and transparent disclosure of organizational carbon emissions, like a catalyst, strongly promote the vigorous development of the global carbon market. More and more enterprises and organizations are focusing on carbon emission management and emission reduction practices, and using innovative means such as carbon trading to stride towards the grand goal of carbon neutrality. The continuous improvement of the carbon market mechanism not only opens up multiple emission reduction paths for enterprises but also creates a fertile ground for the iterative innovation and widespread application of carbon emission reduction technologies.

The product carbon footprint is like a "greenhouse gas emission map" of a product throughout its entire life cycle, accurately depicting the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated from the cradle of raw materials to the grave of final consumption. Focusing on the textile and garment industry, which is closely intertwined with people's daily lives, calculating its product carbon footprint is like a meticulous marathon spanning numerous links.

The starting point is at the very beginning of textile production. The acquisition and pretreatment of raw materials have already opened the "valve" of carbon emissions. Whether it is the application of fertilizers and pesticides during cotton cultivation, the energy consumption for irrigation, or the complex chemical processes in the production of wool and chemical fibers, all are accompanied by the quiet release of greenhouse gases. Subsequently, in the textile processing stage, from spinning, weaving to printing, dyeing, and finishing, the continuous operation of large-scale mechanical equipment, the frequent application of high-temperature and high-pressure processes, and the addition of various chemical auxiliaries make carbon emissions rise steadily. Entering the manufacturing stage, the production factory has a huge "appetite" for energy. The consumption of electricity and steam generates a large amount of carbon dioxide. The extensive use of chemicals not only brings potential pollution risks but also incurs a "original sin" of carbon emissions during their production and transportation processes. In the wastewater treatment link, in order to purify the industrial wastewater containing dyes and auxiliaries, a large amount of energy and chemical agents are consumed, further increasing the "burden" of the carbon footprint.

After the product leaves the factory, the transportation and packaging links take over the "long-distance running" of the carbon footprint. The huge ocean liners for international transportation and the long-haul trucks consume a vast amount of fuel during their journeys across mountains and seas, continuously emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Exquisite packaging materials, from paper, plastic to various cushioning accessories, also have a "hidden" high carbon emission during their production and manufacturing processes. Even after the product reaches the hands of consumers, carbon emissions during the use stage continue. Frequent washing and high-temperature ironing are behind the energy consumption bills of washing machines and irons, as well as the indirect carbon emissions during the production and use of detergents.

Accurately calculating the product carbon footprint is like lighting a guiding lamp for textile and garment enterprises, pointing the way for their green development. Armed with this precise "account book", enterprises can formulate targeted emission reduction strategies and deeply optimize the production process. In terms of equipment and process innovation, they introduce energy-efficient production machinery, reform technologies and processes, and "tighten the faucet" of carbon emissions from the source. In terms of material selection, they favor green and environmentally friendly materials, vigorously promote sustainable fiber raw materials such as organic cotton and recycled fibers, and prospectively explore new materials such as bio-based and biodegradable fibers, reducing waste generation and resource dependence. In the logistics and packaging links, they carefully optimize the solutions, integrate transportation resources, simplify the packaging design, and "slim down" the product carbon footprint. Moreover, with the product carbon footprint certification as a "green medal", enterprises can honestly showcase their environmental protection determination and sustainable development efforts to consumers, stand out in the fierce market competition, and accurately respond to consumers' eager expectations for green products.

However, the textile and garment industry also faces numerous challenges in the calculation and management of product carbon footprints. The complex and lengthy supply chain is like a winding dragon, connecting numerous production links and suppliers around the world, making data collection as difficult as searching for a needle in a haystack, and the collation and verification are even more arduous. A slight carelessness may lead to deviations in the accounting results. Furthermore, most enterprises in the industry are large-scale giants with a wide range of product series. Different products have significantly different carbon footprints due to variations in design, process, and raw materials. This urgently requires enterprises to establish a comprehensive and rigorous data tracking and management system to ensure that the carbon footprint of each product can be accurately controlled.

For the textile industry, embarking on the journey towards green, low-carbon, and sustainable development is like a grand battle that requires all-round coordinated operations, involving many key "battlefields" such as production, materials, resources, energy, design, and waste treatment. The following are the core strategic measures to lead the textile industry into a new era of green and low-carbon development:

Green Production Technology: As a crucial "sharp weapon" for the low-carbon transformation of the textile industry, it is imperative to promote and apply energy-efficient production technologies and equipment. Taking the core links of spinning, weaving, and printing and dyeing as examples, introducing intelligent and high-precision advanced equipment, optimizing the production process structure, and reducing redundant processes are like "slimming down" energy consumption and greatly reducing carbon emissions. These cutting-edge technologies not only improve production efficiency but also reshape the industrial ecology with a green and energy-saving posture.

Use of Environmentally Friendly Materials: At the source "checkpoint" of raw material selection, a key step for the textile industry to move towards green and low-carbon development is to favor environmentally friendly materials. Give priority to embracing sustainable fiber raw materials. Organic cotton stands out for its natural and low-pollution characteristics, and recycled fibers turn waste into treasure, giving new life to discarded textiles and greatly reducing the pressure on the exploitation of natural resources. At the same time, bio-based materials and biodegradable fibers are like green rising stars, injecting new vitality into the development of the industry and effectively curbing the problem of waste proliferation.

Promote the Circular Economy: Promoting the integration of the textile industry into the wave of the circular economy is the inevitable path to achieve green, low-carbon, and sustainable development. Starting from the source of product design, create products with stronger durability and easier disassembly and recycling, guide consumers to establish a concept of quality consumption, and favor durable clothing, reducing waste generation from the consumer end. In the waste treatment link at the rear end, build a complete recycling network, and use innovative technologies to "remanufacture" discarded textiles, converting them into recycled fibers or high-value-added products, realizing the closed-loop flow of resources and reducing environmental impact.

Energy Transformation and Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction: Given that energy consumption accounts for a relatively high proportion in the "bill" of carbon emissions in the textile industry, energy transformation has become the key to solving the problem. Actively embrace renewable clean energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy, gradually get rid of the "addiction" to fossil fuels, and fundamentally cut the "root cause" of carbon emissions. At the same time, strengthen internal energy management, implement refined energy-saving measures, such as upgrading the intelligent lighting system, intelligently adjusting the light according to the ambient light; optimizing the operation logic of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system, precisely controlling the temperature, and eliminating energy waste, tightening the "faucet" of energy consumption in all aspects.

Promote the Goal of Carbon Neutrality: The textile industry takes the lead and actively sets the grand goal of carbon neutrality, aiming to offset the carbon emissions generated by enterprise operations through multiple channels and achieve the green vision of net-zero emissions. This path includes internal efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction, improving energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption; expanding the ecological territory of afforestation, absorbing carbon dioxide with green vegetation; actively purchasing green electricity, injecting market impetus into the development of clean energy, and making multi-dimensional efforts to build a carbon-neutral future.

Continuous Innovation and Cooperation: Continuous innovation is like a powerful "engine" for the green and low-carbon voyage of the textile industry, inspiring enterprises to deeply engage in technology research and development and give birth to more environmentally friendly and efficient products and processes. At the same time, break the "islands" of enterprises, strengthen collaborative cooperation within and outside the industry, build bridges for resource sharing, unblock channels for experience exchange, and deepen the bonds of technological cooperation, pooling the strength of all parties and jointly promoting the textile industry to cross the vast ocean of green and low-carbon development.